By Brig Syed Karrar Hussain Retired
Every year on 1st October, the people of China celebrate their National Day with unparalleled zeal. It marks the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, when Chairman Mao Zedong declared victory after decades of struggle. The day is not just symbolic for the Chinese nation; it is a reminder of sacrifice, resilience, discipline, and a vision that transformed a poor, war-torn country into one of the most powerful states in the modern world.
This article aims to revisit the struggle of independence, highlight the Pakistan–China relationship, analyze the reasons behind China’s economic and military rise, and reflect on the lessons Pakistan can learn from its iron brother.
China’s Struggle for Independence
China’s journey to independence was neither short nor easy. For centuries, the great civilization suffered humiliations at the hands of foreign invaders and colonial powers. The “Century of Humiliation” (1839–1949) began with the Opium Wars, when Western powers forced China into unfair treaties, captured Hong Kong, and treated Chinese people as second-class citizens in their own land.
The fall of the Qing Dynasty in 1911 and the establishment of the Republic of China could not end foreign interference or internal chaos. Warlordism, Japanese invasion, and civil wars between the Kuomintang (KMT) led by Chiang Kai-shek and the Communist Party of China (CPC) drained the nation.
Mao Zedong’s Role
Amid this turmoil, Mao Zedong emerged as a revolutionary leader. He reorganized the Communist Party, mobilized peasants, and developed the ideology of Maoism, which combined Marxist thought with Chinese realities. The Long March (1934–1935), a 6,000-mile retreat of communist forces, became a symbol of perseverance and revolutionary spirit.
During World War II, Mao and the communists played a vital role in resisting Japanese occupation. After Japan’s defeat in 1945, the civil war resumed between Mao’s communists and Chiang’s nationalists. By 1949, the communists gained control of mainland China, while Chiang fled to Taiwan. On 1st October 1949, Mao proclaimed the birth of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) from Tiananmen Square in Beijing.
This victory was not just political but civilizational—it restored dignity to a humiliated nation and marked the beginning of a new era.
Pakistan’s Early Recognition of China
One of the most significant aspects of China’s diplomatic history is its relationship with Pakistan. At a time when many countries were hesitant to recognize the communist government in Beijing, Pakistan became one of the first Muslim and Asian countries to officially recognize the PRC in 1950.
This decision laid the foundation of an enduring friendship. Pakistan not only established diplomatic relations but also played a pivotal role in helping China secure its seat in the United Nations. For two decades, the People’s Republic of China was denied its rightful place, with the seat occupied by Taiwan (Republic of China). Pakistan lobbied tirelessly, coordinated with other nations, and finally, in 1971, the UN General Assembly recognized Beijing as the legitimate representative of China.
The China-Pakistan Relationship
Since then, the Pakistan-China relationship has been described as “higher than the Himalayas, deeper than the oceans, sweeter than honey, and stronger than steel.” The two countries have cooperated indefencee, economy, technology, and diplomacy.
China has been Pakistan’s most trusteddefencee partner, providing advanced military technology, joint ventures like the JF-17 Thunder aircraft, and naval cooperation.
Economically, the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), a flagship project of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), has transformed Pakistan’s infrastructure, energy, andconnect.
Politically, China has always supported Pakistan on the Kashmir issue, while Pakistan has stood by China on sensitive matters such as Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Xinjiang.
This brotherhood has stood the test of time, from Cold War rivalries to modern-day geopolitics.
Reasons Behind China’s Rise as an Economic and Military Power
Today, China is the world’s second-largest economy and a global military power. Its transformation from abackwardsd agrarian country in 1949 to a technological giant in 2025 is nothing short of miraculous. Several factors explain this rise:
1. Visionary Leadership and Long-Term Planning
From Mao Zedong’s revolutionary foundations to Deng Xiaoping’s reforms in 1978, China adopted a long-term vision. Deng introduced the concept of “Socialism with Chinese Characteristics,” opening the economy to markets while maintaining political control. Every subsequent leader—from Jiang Zemin and Hu Jintao to Xi Jinping—continued these reforms with continuity, ensuring stability.
2. Economic Reforms and Industrialization
China became the world’s factory, attracting foreign investment by offering cheaplabourr, infrastructure, and stable policies. It built special economic zones (SEZs), encouraged exports, and invested in science and technology. The result: millions lifted out of poverty, a massive middle class, and dominance in manufacturing.
3. Strong Governance and Accountability
A key reason for China’s rise is its strict system of accountability. Corruption, though not eliminated, is severely punished. The anti-corruption campaign under Xi Jinping sent a strong message that no one is above the law—be it generals, ministers, or party officials. This system of justice, though strict, created discipline, efficiency, and trust in state institutions.
4. Military Modernization
China invested heavily in itsdefencee industry, becoming self-reliant in advanced technology. It built a powerful navy, developed hypersonic missiles, cyber warfare capabilities, and modernized its army. The People’s Liberation Army (PLA) is now considered a global force, projecting China’s power beyond Asia.
5. Focus on Education and Technology
China prioritized education, science, and innovation. Universities produce millions of skilled graduates every year. China is a leader in artificial intelligence, space exploration, 5G, and renewable energy. This scientific progress directly strengthened its economy anddefencee.
6. National Unity and Discipline
Perhaps the most important factor is the unity of the Chinese nation. Despite ethnic and regional diversity, the people rallied behind the Communist Party’s vision. Patriotism, discipline, and hard work became part of their national character.
Lessons for Pakistan
Pakistan shares deep ties with China, but the difference in national progress is striking. As China celebrates its National Day, it is crucial for Pakistan to reflect and learn. The following lessons stand out:
1. Political Stability and Continuity of Policy
China’s rise was possible because of stable governance and long-term vision. Pakistan, on the other hand, has suffered from political instability, frequent changes in government, and inconsistent policies. To move forward, Pakistan must ensure continuity in economic,defencee, and foreign policies.
2. Merit and Accountability
China’s strict accountability system is a model. Corruption is punished severely, regardless of rank. In Pakistan, corruption scandals often end in compromises or pardons. If Pakistan wants progress, it must adopt a transparent and ruthless system of accountability, where the law applies equally to all.
3. Economic Reforms and Industrialization
Pakistan can learn from China’s special economic zones, export-driven economy, and investment-friendly environment. Instead of relying on loans and aid, Pakistan must strengthen its industry, agriculture, and technology sector to generate sustainable growth.
4. Education and Human Capital Development
China’s focus on education transformed its population into a productive workforce. Pakistan must invest heavily in quality education, technical training, and research, particularly in science and technology.
5. National Unity and Discipline
China overcame centuries of humiliation through unity and discipline. Pakista, too, has enormous potential, but divisions on ethnic, political, and sectarian lines weaken the country. Unity, patriotism, and national discipline are essential for Pakistan’s progress.
6. Prioritizing National Interest
China always places its national interest above personal or party interests. Every leader works for the collective vision of a strong China. Pakistan must develop the same approach, putting the nation first in every policy decision.
Conclusion
China’s National Day is not only a celebration of independence but also a testimony to the power of vision, discipline, and national will. From the ashes of humiliation, China rose to become a world power in less than a century. Its journey offers inspiration to countries like Pakistan, which faces challenges of governance, economy, and unity.
The Pakistan-China friendship is already a beacon of hope for the region. But for Pakistan to truly benefit, it must learn from China’s model—ensuring accountability, promoting education, industrializing the economy, and uniting the nation.
As China celebrates its 76th National Day this year, Pakistan too must reflect: the road to progress is tough, but with discipline, justice, and vision, nothing is impossible.
